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Fernandina   »  Eruptive History

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Fernandina

Start Date: 2009  Apr 10  Stop Date: 2009 Apr 28 (?)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: SW flank (400 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2005  May 13  Stop Date: 2005 May 29 (?)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: South caldera rim

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1995  Jan 25  Stop Date: 1995 Apr 8 (?)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  5.6  ±  1.0  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1991  Apr 19  Stop Date: 1991 Apr 24 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Area of Activity: Base of ESE and NW caldera wall

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1988  Sep 14  Stop Date: 1988 Sep 16 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Lava Volume:  7.0  ±  1.0  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: East caldera wall

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1984  Mar 30  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Area of Activity: NW corner of caldera

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1981  Aug 1 ± 270 days Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Area of Activity: South caldera rim

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1978  Aug 8  Stop Date: 1978 Aug 26 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  9 ?  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: NW caldera bench

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1977  Mar 23  Stop Date: 1977 Mar 27 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Area of Activity: SE caldera bench

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1973  Dec 9  Stop Date: 1973 Dec 16 ± 1 day

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: ESE caldera wall

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1972  Jun 4 ± 45 days Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Area of Activity: SE caldera bench

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1968  Jun 11  Stop Date: 1968 Jul 4 (on or before)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: West caldera wall

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1968  May 21  Stop Date: 1968 May 23 ± 1 day

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: ESE flank (600 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1961  Mar 21 ± 1 day Stop Date: 1961 Sep 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: SE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1958  Sep (?) Stop Date: 1958 Dec 30 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  > 3.1  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SE, SW and west caldera rim

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava lake eruption

Start Date: 1937  Mar  Stop Date: 1937 Apr 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1927  Dec 13 (on or before) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Area of Activity: South flank near Punta Mangle

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1926  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1888  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1846  Nov  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Area of Activity: East flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Regional fissure eruption  (?)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1825  Feb 14  Stop Date: 1825 Oct (in or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: East summit and SE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1819  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1817 (in or before)

Location is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: (western Galápagos)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1814  Jul  Stop Date: 1814 Aug 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Regional fissure eruption  (?)
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1813  Jul 14 (on or before) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: South flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Regional fissure eruption  (?)
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1550 (in or after) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Surface exposure

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1150 (in or after) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Surface exposure

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 950 AD ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Surface exposure

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Lava flow(s)

Global Volcanism Program — Department of Mineral Sciences — National Museum of Natural History — Smithsonian Institution

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