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Tolbachik   »  Eruptive History

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Tolbachik

Start Date: 1975  Jun 28  Stop Date: 1976 Dec 10 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.8  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: South flank (18 & 28 km from summit)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1973  Oct  Stop Date: 1974 Dec 

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1970  Sep  Stop Date: 1970 Dec 1 ± 30 days

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1970  Jan  Stop Date: 1970 Apr 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1968  Stop Date: 1969 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1967  Oct  Stop Date: 1967 Nov 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1967  Mar  Stop Date: 1967 May 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1966  Apr 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1965  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1964  Mar  Stop Date: 1964 Apr 24 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava lake eruption

Start Date: 1962  Aug  Stop Date: 1963 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1961  Mar 24  Stop Date: 1962 Feb 16 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1959  Stop Date: 1960 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1958  Jul 13 (on or before) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1956  Sep 28  Stop Date: 1957 Nov 28 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1955  Oct 6  Stop Date: 1955 Dec 8 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1955  Jan 7  Stop Date: 1955 Feb 9 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1954  Feb 21  Stop Date: 1954 Jun 13 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1947  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1940  Nov  Stop Date: 1941 Jul 15 ± 45 days

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, SW flank (1950 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1940  Feb  Stop Date: 1940 Apr 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1939  Sep 25  Stop Date: 1939 Sep 27 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1936  Aug 13 (on or before) Stop Date: 1937 Mar 2 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1931  Mar 4  Stop Date: 1932 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1904  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1793  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1790  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1789  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1788  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1769  Feb 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: 1769 Oct 15 ± 45 days

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1740  Dec  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1739  Feb 1 ± 30 days Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1699 ± 1 year

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  2.3  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  1  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Zvezda)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1050 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.9  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Visokaya, Treschina)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1000 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kleshnya, Rastaschenny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 950 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  7  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Alaid)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 900 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  1.1  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.1  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Peschanie Gorky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 550 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  8.5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kamenistaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 450 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Dvoinoy, Nedostupny, Dalny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 400 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  3.6  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  8.8  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Pelmen, Lagerny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 350 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Zasipannie)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 250 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Poteryanny, Yupiter)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 150 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Zapretny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 50 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  2.6  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.0  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Mt. 1004, Pra-Visokaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Sosed, Malenky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kust)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Buraya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Tsepochka, Malishi)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 800 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Serga, Starichky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Istochniky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Mokhnataya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  5  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kruglenky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Plosky and Ostry Tolbachik calderas

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Lava flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank and NE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Bubochka)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: SW flank (Lesnaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7600 BC  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Global Volcanism Program — Department of Mineral Sciences — National Museum of Natural History — Smithsonian Institution

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