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Country: | Russia | |
| Subregion Name: | Kuril Islands | ||
| Volcano Number: | 0900-01= | ||
| Volcano Type: | Caldera | ||
| Volcano Status: | Historical | ||
| Last Known Eruption: | 1848 | ||
| Summit Elevation: | 543 m | 1,781 feet | |
| Latitude: | 43.841°N | 43°50'28"N | |
| Longitude: | 145.509°E | 145°30'31"E | |
| Golovnin volcano, the southernmost in the Kuril Islands, forms the southern end of Kunashir Island, across the Nemuro Strait from Hokkaido. Explosive activity has dominated in the formation of andesitic-dacitic Golovnin volcano; no lava flows are exposed. The gently sloping stratovolcano, also known as Tomari-yama, is truncated by a 4-5 km wide caldera that formed during a series of late-Pleistocene eruptions beginning about 43,00 years ago. Several lava domes were subsequently emplaced on the caldera floor. Topographic highs outside the caldera rim define a series of lava domes extruded along a ring structure or an outer caldera. A 1 x 2.5 km caldera lake on the northern side of the inner caldera drains through a narrow breach in the western caldera wall. Solfataric activity occurs at the northern lake shore and at explosion craters (one of which contains a hot crater lake with reported temperatures from 36-100 degrees Centigrade) that cut the caldera-floor lava domes. The only known historical eruption of Golovnin was a minor explosion in 1848. | |||
