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Karangetang [Api Siau]   »  Eruptive History

Karangetang [Api Siau]

Start Date: 2008  Nov 29 (?) Stop Date: 2009 Nov (?)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Evacuation

Start Date: 2008  Mar 12 

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 2006  Jul 3  Stop Date: 2007 Oct (in or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Evacuation

Start Date: 2004  Apr 2 (?) Stop Date: 2005 Aug 5 (?)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1999  Mar (on or before) Stop Date: 2003 Oct 28 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1998  Jul 5 ± 4 days Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1996  Oct 1 (on or before) Stop Date: 1997 Jun (in or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Fatalities
    Evacuation

Start Date: 1995  Nov 9  Stop Date: 1995 Dec 17 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1991  Jul 2 (on or before) Stop Date: 1993 Dec 31 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  > 6  x  106 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 1.2  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Fatalities
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Evacuation

Start Date: 1989  Jul  Stop Date: 1989 Jul 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1983  May  Stop Date: 1988 Dec 31 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  > 1.5  x  104 m3

Area of Activity: Summit and SW flank (1443 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Evacuation

Start Date: 1982  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 1980  Mar 24  Stop Date: 1980 Sep 13 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1979  May 31  Stop Date: 1979 May 31 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Area of Activity: NNW flank, 1300 m (Kawah Maralebule)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1978  Feb 22  Stop Date: 1978 Dec 18 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1976  Sep 15  Stop Date: 1977 Sep 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  2  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: South flank (1100 m) and summit

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Fatalities
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Evacuation

Start Date: 1972  Jan  Stop Date: 1976 Apr 5 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Fatalities
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Evacuation
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1970  Nov 27  Stop Date: 1971 Mar 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1967  Nov 29  Stop Date: 1967 Dec 2 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1965  Apr 5 ± 4 days Stop Date: 1967 Jun 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1962  Jan 29  Stop Date: 1963 Dec 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1961  Oct 9  Stop Date: 1961 Oct 19 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  3.4  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1961  Feb 28  Stop Date: 1961 Apr 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  3.4  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1953  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1952  Feb  Stop Date: 1952 Jun 30 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Craters I, II and III

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Damage (land, property, etc.)

Start Date: 1949  Sep 14  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1948  Dec  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1947  Dec 1  Stop Date: 1947 Dec 21 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1947  Feb 9  Stop Date: 1947 Feb 9 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1941  Oct 30  Stop Date: 1941 Oct 30 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Damage (land, property, etc.)

Start Date: 1940  Jun 20  Stop Date: 1940 Aug 23 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Fatalities
    Damage (land, property, etc.)

Start Date: 1940  Mar 1  Stop Date: 1940 Mar 9 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1935  Aug 31  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1930  Nov (?) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1930  Feb 4  Stop Date: 1930 Feb 6 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Crater IV

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1926  Oct  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1924  May  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1922  May 4  Stop Date: 1922 Dec 13 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Crater IV

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1921  Mar  Stop Date: 1921 Jun (in or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Crater V

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion  (?)

Start Date: 1905  May 21  Stop Date: 1905 May 22 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1900  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1899  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1892  Jun 14 (?) Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1887  May 27  Stop Date: 1887 May 27 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1886  Apr 25  Stop Date: 1886 Jun 19 (on or after)

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Crater III

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1883  Aug 25  Stop Date: 1883 Aug 26 

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Crater II?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1864  Jun 6  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1825  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1712  Jan 16  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1675  Stop Date: Unknown

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3^

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Global Volcanism Program — Department of Mineral Sciences — National Museum of Natural History — Smithsonian Institution

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