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Volcanoes of Kamchatka and Mainland Asia

Eruptions

Start Date: 2010  Nov 21 (on or before) Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2010  Nov 11 (?) Stop Date: 2011 Jan 1 (on or after)
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion  (?)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 2010  Jun 2  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2010  May 21 (?) Stop Date: 2010 Jun 1 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)  (?)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2009  Dec 17  Stop Date: 2010 Feb 16 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2009  Aug 1 (?) Stop Date: 2010 Dec 20 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2008  Dec 23 (?) Stop Date: 2009 Aug 27 
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Upper NW flank (3000 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2008  Oct 8  Stop Date: 2009 Apr 16 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2008  Jul 11  Stop Date: 2008 Aug 23 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2007  May 10 (?) Stop Date: 2007 Dec 24 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 2007  Feb 15  Stop Date: 2007 Jul 15 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 2006  Apr (on or before) Stop Date: 2006 Dec 29 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2005  Nov 29 (?) Stop Date: 2005 Dec 1 (on or after)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 2005  Jan 20 (on or before) Stop Date: 2005 Apr 7 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 2004  Sep 15  Stop Date: 2004 Sep 15 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2004  Jan 14  Stop Date: 2005 Feb (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2003  Jul 26  Stop Date: 2003 Aug 1 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2002  Dec 25  Stop Date: 2002 Dec 28 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2002  Nov 24  Stop Date: 2004 Apr 8 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)  (?)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 2002  Apr 9  Stop Date: 2002 Jun 9 (on or before)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2001  Dec 10  Stop Date: 2002 Jan 6 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2001  Nov 15  Stop Date: 2011 (in or after)
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: Summit and upper south flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2001  Oct 5  Stop Date: 2001 Oct 5 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 2001  Jul 23 (?) Stop Date: 2001 Aug 10 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2000  Jul 28  Stop Date: 2000 Sep 22 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2000  Jul 18  Stop Date: 2000 Nov 4 (on or after)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2000  Jun 30  Stop Date: 2000 Jun 30 
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: SOFAR

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2000  Mar 17  Stop Date: 2000 Mar 17 
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: North crater

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2000  Mar 14  Stop Date: 2000 Mar 26 ± 1 day
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2000  Feb 3  Stop Date: 2000 Feb 8 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1999  Aug 15  Stop Date: 2011 (in or after)
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4?

Lava Volume:  > 1  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1999  Apr 3  Stop Date: 1999 Apr 12 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1999  Feb 25  Stop Date: 1999 Feb 25 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1999  Feb 5  Stop Date: 1999 Jul 12 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1998  Jul 23  Stop Date: 1998 Sep 2 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1998  Jun 20 (?) Stop Date: 1998 Jun 22 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1998  May 30  Stop Date: 1998 Sep 3 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1997  Dec 5  Stop Date: 1997 Dec 6 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1997  Sep 7  Stop Date: 1997 Sep 26 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1997  May 8  Stop Date: 1997 May 16 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 3.6  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1997  Mar 8  Stop Date: 1997 Apr 4 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1996  Nov 14  Stop Date: 1997 Mar 20 ± 12 days
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1996  Jul 23 (?) Stop Date: 1996 Sep 1 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1996  Jan 2  Stop Date: 2000 Dec 20 (?)
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  > 1.1  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: New summit crater SW of 1970-82 crater

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1996  Jan 2  Stop Date: 1996 Jan 3 
Volcano: Akademia Nauk

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: North margin of Karymsky Lake

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Regional fissure eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Tsunami (giant sea waves)

Start Date: 1995  Sep (on or before) Stop Date: 1995 Oct 8 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion  (?)

Start Date: 1994  Sep 8  Stop Date: 1995 Jan 14 (on or after)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3.0  ±  1.0  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1994  Jul 7  Stop Date: 1994 Oct 5 ± 4 days
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1993  Oct 21  Stop Date: 1994 Feb 4 ± 4 days
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 7  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1992  Sep 12  Stop Date: 1993 Sep 12 ± 1 day
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1992  Mar 12  Stop Date: 1992 Jun 12 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1992  Jan 25  Stop Date: 1992 May 25 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1991  Apr 8  Stop Date: 1991 Jun 24 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1991  Jan 13  Stop Date: 1991 Jan 30 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  105 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1990  Jan 29  Stop Date: 1991 Nov 29 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1990  Jan 10  Stop Date: 1995 Feb 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.4  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 9  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Spine extrusion
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1989  Aug 1  Stop Date: 1989 Aug 4 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1989  Apr 7  Stop Date: 1989 Jun 26 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1988  Dec 7  Stop Date: 1988 Dec 7 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1986  Dec 5 ± 4 days Stop Date: 1988 Jul 26 ± 5 days
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1986  Nov 27  Stop Date: 1990 Sep 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  > 7.6  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 3  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, SE, SW, NE and east flanks

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1986  Jun 8  Stop Date: 1986 Jul 11 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1986  Mar 28  Stop Date: 1988 Feb 28 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1986  Mar 26 ± 5 days Stop Date: 1986 Jun 29 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  3  x  106 m3

Tephra Volume:  7.5  x  105 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1985  Aug 16  Stop Date: 1986 Jan 21 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Area of Activity: Summit and NW flank (3100 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1985  Jun 12  Stop Date: 1985 Dec 14 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  3.8  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Damage (land, property, etc.)

Start Date: 1985  May 26  Stop Date: 1985 Oct 25 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1985  May 3 (?)
Volcano: Karymsky

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (fumarolic activity only in 1985)
Start Date: 1984  Aug 4  Stop Date: 1986 Sep 21 (?)
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1984  Mar 17  Stop Date: 1984 Sep 6 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1984  Mar 10  Stop Date: 1985 Jan 28 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1984  Feb 5  Stop Date: 1984 Dec 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.4  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1982  Oct 7  Stop Date: 1983 Jun 27 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Summit and east flank (2875 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Subglacial eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Fatalities
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1982  Mar 24  Stop Date: 1982 May 2 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1981  Dec 21 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1981  Jun 12  Stop Date: 1983 May 22 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  106 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.6  ±  0.3  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Spine extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1981  Jan 25  Stop Date: 1981 Aug 4 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1980  Aug 23  Stop Date: 1981 Dec 1 ± 30 days
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Lava Volume:  2.1  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Center of 1964 crater

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Spine extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1980  Aug 21  Stop Date: 1980 Aug 27 ± 4 days
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  7.2  x  105 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1980  Jun 15 ± 5 days Stop Date: 1981 Jul 3 
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1980  Apr 18  Stop Date: 1980 Apr 19 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  5.9  x  105 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.9  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1979  Sep 18  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  5.6  x  105 m3

Tephra Volume:  6.5  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1979  Feb 11  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  4.9  x  105 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.7  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1978  Sep 8 ± 30 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1977  Aug 2  Stop Date: 1980 Mar 12 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3.1  x  105 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, NE flank (1700 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Fatalities

Start Date: 1977  Mar 25  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3.5  x  105 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1976  Mar 25  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1975  Jun 28  Stop Date: 1976 Dec 10 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.8  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: South flank (18 & 28 km from summit)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1974  Apr 8  Stop Date: 1974 Dec (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.3  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: Summit and SW flank (3400-3600 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1973  Oct  Stop Date: 1974 Dec 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1973  Jul 16 (?)
Volcano: Unnamed

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (plume probably of meteorol. origin)
Start Date: 1972  Mar 
Volcano: Zheltovsky

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1971  Nov  Stop Date: 1973 Dec 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1971  Jun  Stop Date: 1971 Jul 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1971  Mar  Stop Date: 1974 Dec (in or after)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Spine extrusion

Start Date: 1970  Sep  Stop Date: 1970 Dec 1 ± 30 days
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1970  May 26  Stop Date: 1970 Dec 27 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1970  May 11  Stop Date: 1982 Oct 11 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3.3  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  3.7 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1970  Jan  Stop Date: 1970 Apr 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1969  Sep  Stop Date: 1969 Dec 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1968  Jul 3  Stop Date: 1968 Jul 3 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1968  Stop Date: 1969 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1967  Nov  Stop Date: 1967 Nov 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1967  Oct  Stop Date: 1967 Nov 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1967  Mar  Stop Date: 1967 May 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1967  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1966  Apr 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1965  Aug  Stop Date: 1966 Dec 26 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  1  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, NE flank (Piip Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1965  May 15 ± 5 days Stop Date: 1967 Feb 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1965  Mar 9  Stop Date: 1970 Mar 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  4.2  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Spine extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1965  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1964  Dec 25  Stop Date: 1964 Dec 26 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1964  Nov 12  Stop Date: 1964 Nov 12 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Molodoy Sheveluch summit domes

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1964  Jun 25  Stop Date: 1964 Sep 20 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1964  Mar  Stop Date: 1964 Apr 24 (on or after)
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava lake eruption

Start Date: 1963  Nov 13  Stop Date: 1964 Dec (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1963  May  Stop Date: 1963 Sep (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1962  Oct 21  Stop Date: 1962 Nov 6 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1962  Aug  Stop Date: 1963 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1961  Oct 18  Stop Date: 1961 Dec 15 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1961  May 21  Stop Date: 1961 Jun 6 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1961  Mar 25  Stop Date: 1961 Mar 26 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1961  Mar 24  Stop Date: 1962 Feb 16 (on or after)
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1961  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1960  Dec  Stop Date: 1961 Jan 
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: West wall of SW crater

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1960  Dec  Stop Date: 1963 Mar 22 (on or after)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1960  Apr 13  Stop Date: 1960 Apr 14 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  1.2  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1960  Apr  Stop Date: 1964 Dec 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  9.1  ±  0.3  x  106 m3

Tephra Volume:  4.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1959  Oct 15  Stop Date: 1959 Nov 4 (?)
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Tephra Volume:  2.7  x  104 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1959  Jan 3  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1959  Stop Date: 1960 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1959  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1958  Dec 28  Stop Date: 1959 Mar 30 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1958  Jul 13 (on or before) Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1958  May 21  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1958  May 18  Stop Date: 1958 Aug 18 (on or after)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Area of Activity: East part of summit crater

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1958  Jan  Stop Date: 1958 Feb 14 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1957  Jul 31  Stop Date: 1957 Jul 31 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1957  Jan 28  Stop Date: 1957 Mar 11 
Volcano: Dzenzursky

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (fumarolic activity only)
Start Date: 1957  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1956  Dec 27  Stop Date: 1957 Jun 
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Middle crater, east crater

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1956  Dec  Stop Date: 1957 Jun 
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: Summit and upper NW flank (3000 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1956  Sep 28  Stop Date: 1957 Nov 28 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1956  Mar  Stop Date: 1957 Feb 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1956  Jan  Stop Date: 1956 Aug 2 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  8  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: Summit and SE flank (1500 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1955  Oct 22  Stop Date: 1957 Mar 1 
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  2.8  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Tsunami (giant sea waves)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1955  Oct 6  Stop Date: 1955 Dec 8 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1955  Jan 7  Stop Date: 1955 Feb 9 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1955  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1954  May 28  Stop Date: 1954 Sep 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1954  Feb 21  Stop Date: 1954 Jun 13 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1953  Jun 7  Stop Date: 1953 Jun 25 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  > 1.0  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.0  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, NE flank (Belyankin Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1953  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1952  Dec 5 ± 4 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Toitsky Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1952  Nov  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1951  Nov 19  Stop Date: 1951 Nov 30 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.5  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, NE flank (Bylinkina, 950 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1951  May 27  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kunlun Volcanic Group

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Ashi Shan

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1949  May  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1948  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1947  Dec  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1947  Apr  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1947  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1946  Oct 23  Stop Date: 1946 Nov 22 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  105 m3

Area of Activity: SE flank (Apakhonchich, ca. 1600 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1946  Sep  Stop Date: 1946 Oct 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1946  Apr  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1945  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1945  Sep (?) Stop Date: 1946 Apr 15 ± 45 days
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Toitsky Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1945  Jun 23  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1945  Jun 19  Stop Date: 1945 Jul 7 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  6  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.3  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SE flank (Yubileinoye, 1000-1450 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1945  Feb 25  Stop Date: 1945 Feb 25 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  3  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1944  Dec 9  Stop Date: 1945 Jan 20 (on or after)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Tephra Volume:  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1944  Nov 5  Stop Date: 1950 Apr 6 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  2  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Suelich

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Spine extrusion

Start Date: 1943  Feb 1 ± 30 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1940  Nov  Stop Date: 1941 Jul 15 ± 45 days
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, SW flank (1950 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1940  Feb  Stop Date: 1940 Apr 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1940  Jan  Stop Date: 1940 Feb 
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1940  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1939  Sep 25  Stop Date: 1939 Sep 27 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1939  May  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1938  Nov  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1938  Oct  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1938  Mar 6  Stop Date: 1938 Dec 1 (on or after)
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  3.0  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1937  Apr 3  Stop Date: 1939 Mar 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3.1  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.0  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Summit, east flank (Bilyukai)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1936  Aug 13 (on or before) Stop Date: 1937 Mar 2 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1935  Apr 21  Stop Date: 1936 Nov 4 (on or after)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1934  Nov  Stop Date: 1935 Feb 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  1.5  ±  1.0  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM11?)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1933  Sep  Stop Date: 1933 Oct 
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1932  Jun  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1932  Jan 25  Stop Date: 1932 Dec 26 ± 5 days
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  9  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  6  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: NE flank (Kirgurich, Tuyla, Biokos)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1932 
Volcano: Gorely

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1931  Aug  Stop Date: 1931 Sep 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1931  May  Stop Date: 1931 Jul 15 ± 45 days
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1931  Mar 25  Stop Date: 1931 Mar 27 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1931  Mar 4  Stop Date: 1932 
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1930  Sep  Stop Date: 1931 Jan 17 
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1930  Feb 1 ± 30 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1929  Sep 1  Stop Date: 1930 Apr 
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1929  Jun  Stop Date: 1929 Sep 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1929  Feb  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1929  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1929  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1928  Jan 27  Stop Date: 1929 Apr 15 ± 45 days
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1928  Jan 25  Stop Date: 1928 Feb 
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1927  Dec  Stop Date: 1928 Jan 
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1927  Jan  Stop Date: 1927 Feb 
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1926  Dec 22  Stop Date: 1926 Dec 22 
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1926  Mar 27  Stop Date: 1927 Mar 14 (?)
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  3.5  ±  0.5  x  106 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1926  Mar 23  Stop Date: 1926 Apr 7 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1925  Jul  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1925  Apr 4  Stop Date: 1925 Oct 10 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1925  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1923  Aug  Stop Date: 1923 Sep 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1923  Feb 11  Stop Date: 1923 Apr 
Volcano: Zheltovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1923  Feb 
Volcano: Dzenzursky

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (fumarolic activity only)
Start Date: 1923  Feb  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1923  Feb  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kronotsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Summit and/or south flank (3150 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption  (?)
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1922  Nov  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kronotsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: South flank (3150 m)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1922  May  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1921  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1917  Jul 5 ± 4 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1916  Dec  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1916  Jul 15 ± 5 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1915  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1915  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1913  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1912  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1911  Nov  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1911  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1910  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1910 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1909  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  0.5  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1909  Jun  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1908  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1907  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Summit and east flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1907  Mar 28 (?) Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  2.4  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: Stubel (tephra layer KSht3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1905  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1904  Apr 2  Stop Date: 1904 Jun 26 (on or after)
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1904  Jan 31 ± 30 days Stop Date: 1904 Jun 14 (on or after)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1904  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1903  Apr 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1901  Jul 7  Stop Date: 1901 Jul 13 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  0.5  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1901  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ilyinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: NE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1898  Apr  Stop Date: 1898 Jul 15 ± 45 days
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1898  Feb 20  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1898  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1898 
Volcano: Xianjindao

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Area of Activity: Sanjiangdao

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1897  Stop Date: 1898 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1896  Dec  Stop Date: 1897 Nov 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1895  Oct 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: 1896 
Volcano: Koryaksky

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (steam plumes only in 1895-96)
Start Date: 1894  Oct  Stop Date: 1895 Feb 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  1  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1894 
Volcano: Opala

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (S flank eruption report unlikely)
Start Date: 1890  Apr  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1890  Apr  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ushkovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1890 ± 3 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Area of Activity: Upper SW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1883  Jul  Stop Date: 1883 Aug 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1882  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1882  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1881  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1879  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1879  Stop Date: 1883 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1878  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1878  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1877  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1869  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1865  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1856 
Volcano: Veer

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (Korenevski Ridge eruption ca. 1600 BP)
Start Date: 1855  May 28  Stop Date: 1855 Sep 4 ± 4 days
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1855  Apr 
Volcano: Gorely

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Fumarolic activity  (?)

Start Date: 1854  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1854  Aug 13  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1854  Feb 18  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  2  ±  1.0  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Damage (land, property, etc.)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1854 
Volcano: Opala

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Area of Activity: (uncertain S flank eruption report)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Fumarolic activity

Start Date: 1853  Dec 21  Stop Date: 1854 Mar 14 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1853  Dec 18  Stop Date: 1854 Mar 
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1853  Oct  Stop Date: 1854 Feb 17 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1853  Jan  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1852  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1852  Apr 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: 1852 Jul 
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Troitsky Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1852  Mar  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1852  Feb  Stop Date: 1852 Mar 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1852  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1851  Nov 26  Stop Date: 1852 Feb 14 ± 4 days
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1851  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Troitsky Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1850 ± 50 years
Volcano: Kunlun Volcanic Group

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1848  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1848  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  < 4.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1840  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1837 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1832  Feb  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1830  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1829  Sep 9  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4?

Lava Volume:  3.8  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  5.5  ±  5.0  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1828  Jun  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1828  Apr 17  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1827  Jun 27  Stop Date: 1827 Jun 29 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.2  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1827 
Volcano: Opala

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Fumarolic activity  (?)

Start Date: 1823 ± 5 years
Volcano: Zheltovsky

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1821 
Volcano: Gorely

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1819  Stop Date: 1822 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1813  Feb  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1812  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1807  Feb 1 ± 30 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1804  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Troitsky Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1800 ± 10 years
Volcano: Shiveluch

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1793  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1791  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1791  Apr  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1790  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1789  Dec 1  Stop Date: 1790 Feb 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1789  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1789 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1788  Aug  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1788  Feb  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1788  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1787  Sep  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 1785  Nov  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1779  Jun 15  Stop Date: 1779 Jun 16 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  6.0  ±  1.0  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1776  Oct 23  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Opala

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1776  Oct  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1776  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Wudalianchi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Area of Activity: Laoheishan

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Evacuation

Start Date: 1772  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1772  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1771  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1770  May  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1769  Feb 15 ± 45 days Stop Date: 1769 Oct 15 ± 45 days
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1767  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1762  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Fatalities

Start Date: 1750 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava lake eruption

Start Date: 1750 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  4.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Stubel (tephra layer KSht2)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1750 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1741 
Volcano: Koshelev

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1740  Dec  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1740  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1740  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0?

Area of Activity: SSW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1739  Feb 1 ± 30 days Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1739  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1737  Sep 25 (?) Stop Date: 1737 Nov 4 (?)
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1737  Aug  Stop Date: 1737 Aug 
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  4.0  ±  1.0  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)  (?)
    Tsunami (giant sea waves)

Start Date: 1730 ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM9)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1727  Stop Date: 1731 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1724 
Volcano: Xianjindao

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1720  Jan 14  Stop Date: 1721 Jun 
Volcano: Wudalianchi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1720  Stop Date: 1721 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1702  Jun 9  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1700 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1699 ± 1 year
Volcano: Tolbachik

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 1697  Stop Date: 1698 
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3^

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1690 ± 10 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koshelev

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3^

Area of Activity: SE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1668  Jun  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1650 ± 10 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SH1)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1650 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1600 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Alney-Chashakondzha

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Alney volcano

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1597  Oct 8 
Volcano: Xianjindao

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Damage (land, property, etc.)

Start Date: 1597  Oct 6 
Volcano: Changbaishan

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  1  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Crater VI--Troitsky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  2.3  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  1  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Zvezda)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Lava Volume:  1.7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Northern cone (Pauk) & SW of S cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM7)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1550 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Lava Volume:  5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: East flank of Savich (Krab cone)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1500 ± 40 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1450 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1430 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SH2a)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1413 
Volcano: Changbaishan

Eruption is UNCERTAIN

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 1400 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1400 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Crater V)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava lake eruption

Start Date: 1350 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kambalny

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1350 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kostakan

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Area of Activity: Glavny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1350 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  3  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.1  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Savich cone and north flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1350 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Lava Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank of southern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1330 ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1300 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1300 ± 200 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1250 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorny Institute

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1200 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1200 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kostakan

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Lava Volume:  5  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.2  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: Glavny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1150 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  4.5  ±  4.0  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM6)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1150 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1120 ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Turfan

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1100 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1050 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1050 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.9  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Visokaya, Treschina)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1030 ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1030 ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SH2)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1007  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Halla

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1002  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Halla

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1000 ± 40 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  7?

Tephra Volume:  9.6  ±  2.0  x  1010 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1000 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1000 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorny Institute

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1000 ± 16 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1000 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  9.0  ±  1.0  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Stubel (tephra layer KSht1)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1000 (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kleshnya, Rastaschenny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1000 ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kostakan

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2.2  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.4  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Serpovidny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1000 ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 970 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 950 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 950 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  7  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Alaid)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 950 AD (in or after) Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Komarov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 950 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4?

Tephra Volume:  3.3  ±  0.3  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Summit region and western flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 950 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 900 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 900 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  1.1  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.1  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Peschanie Gorky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 900 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Tephra Volume:  1  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Savich cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 850 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2.7  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  5.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 850 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 850 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 850 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kinenin

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 830 AD ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Savich cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 800 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kostakan

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  3.2  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.1  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Maar S of Lake Kostakan, Krasny cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 800 AD ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 750 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 750 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  5.0  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Central N cone, SE flank of S cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 750 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 700 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 700 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 700 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 700 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4?

Tephra Volume:  4.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: East summit region (Razrushenny dome)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent  (?)
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 700 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 650 AD ± 40 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2.0  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SH3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 650 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tianshan Volcanic Group

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Area of Activity: Pechan

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 650 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  3  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: NW flank and central northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 650 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Savich cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 630 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Western flank (Karan)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 610 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Opala

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5+

Lava Volume:  3.5  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.5  ±  0.5  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: SE flank (Barany Amphitheater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 600 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 600 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 580 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  8 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 550 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 550 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 550 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  8.5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kamenistaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 550 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  4  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.0  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: East side of Zapadny, Savich cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Crater lake eruption  (?)
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 550 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 530 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 500 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  8 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 450 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Dvoinoy, Nedostupny, Dalny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 450 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Komarov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 400 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  3.6  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  8.8  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Pelmen, Lagerny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 400 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 390 AD ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Veer

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 380 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 350 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Longgang Group

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Jinlongdingzi

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 350 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Zasipannie)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 350 AD ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 350 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  106 m3

Area of Activity: Stubel

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion  (?)

Start Date: 350 AD ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Diky Greben

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Lava Volume:  1.2  ±  0.2  x  1010 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 300 AD ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolmachev Dol

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: NW part of Tolmachev Dol

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 250 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 250 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 250 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Poteryanny, Yupiter)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 250 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 250 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 240 AD ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  6

Tephra Volume:  2.3  ±  0.3  x  1010 m3

Area of Activity: Ksudach V caldera (tephra layer KS1)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 230 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 200 AD ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Uzon

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Khloridnoe Lake

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 200 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 170 AD ± 20 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 150 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 150 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Zapretny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 120 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 100 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 100 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 50 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 50 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 50 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 50 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ilyinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 50 AD (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  2.6  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  9.0  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Mt. 1004, Pra-Visokaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 50 AD ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 50 AD ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tianshan Volcanic Group

Dating Technique: Historical Records

Area of Activity: Pechan

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 0 ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Arshan

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 10 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 50 BC (?) 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (SH4 tephra is from Ksudach volcano)
Start Date: 50 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kronotsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 50 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Sosed, Malenky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  C

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: West flank (Karan)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 180 BC ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  P

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kust)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 220 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 220 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Udokan Plateau

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Chepe

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 300 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khodutka

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 300 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: West flank (Karan)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 350 BC ± 30 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: West flank (Karan)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  3.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer BZ)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 520 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Jingbo

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Titila

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Taunshits

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gamchen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SE flank (Barany, Lukovitsa)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Vysoky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 550 BC  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bakening

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  2  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: Western flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 650 BC ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Alney-Chashakondzha

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.8  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.6  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: East flank of Alney (Kireunsky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone and southern cone flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 660 BC ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Alney-Chashakondzha

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.9  ±  0.3  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  4.0  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: E of Chashakondzha (Levaya Belaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Buraya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 700 BC ± 1000 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Lava Volume:  2.5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Tsepochka, Malishi)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 780 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  8 ?  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SH5)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 800 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Terpuk

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 800 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Serga, Starichky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 800 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zavaritsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  4  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: 14 km WNW of Zavaritsky

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zavaritsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Lava Volume:  6  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  7.6  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Mt. Peschanaya and adjacent cones

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SC)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava lake eruption

Start Date: 850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Lava Volume:  8  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Northern cone and southern cone flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 930 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khodutka

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Lava Volume:  9.0  ±  1.0  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.3  ±  0.3  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: WNW flank (Khodutkinsky maar; KHD tephra)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Akademia Nauk

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: North of Karymsky Lake (tephra layer SC)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1000 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  8  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Anthropology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1010 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1010 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1050 BC (in or before) Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khodutka

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  9.3  ±  0.8  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: NW flank of Priemysh volcano

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1060 BC ± 40 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bliznetsy

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  1?

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Lava Volume:  1.2  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1330 BC ± 200 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 1350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koshelev

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Northern flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1.2  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IIAV3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  1.1  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  9  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: N (Zametny) & S (Duga) flank fissures

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Lava Volume:  2.5  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  5.5  ±  0.5  x  106 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM4)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 3.6  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer AV1)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1540 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Jingbo

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Severny

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: WSW flank (Tobeltsen)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Uzon

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Bannoe Lake

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 1550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Opala

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 1550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: South and SW flanks

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bakening

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1550 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Expeditsii and Exstrusivny Greben

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gamchen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SE flank (Barany)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Istochniky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 1700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 1700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 1750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Mokhnataya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1800 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (SW flank)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 1950 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: South and SW flanks

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)

Start Date: 1950 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SHsp)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ilyinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  5  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  7  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank (Kruglenky)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ostry

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: SW flank cinder cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2050 BC ± 200 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Halla

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: SW flank (Songaksan tuff ring)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv27)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  1.3  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1.5  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2160 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Changbaishan

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  P

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  8 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2240 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shisheika

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Lava Volume:  5.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Diky Greben

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  5  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.3  ±  0.3  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2300 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv26)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  9.5  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  3.5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM2)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik (Crater IV)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2490 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 2500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv25)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2530 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  > 6  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv24; AV2)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2530 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2620 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer SHdv)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv23)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolmachev Dol

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  9.0  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Chasha crater (OPtr tephra layer)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2670 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Udokan Plateau

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Aku

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2700 BC ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2750 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2780 BC ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  2  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  1.3  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Zapadny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2830 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Halla

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: NE flank (Ilchulbong tuff cone)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Submarine eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2850 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 2850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kikhpinych

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.3  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Zapadny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ilyinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  1.3  ±  0.1  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (ZLT tephra)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 2900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 2900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv22)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv21)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 2950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone & N outer flank fissure

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2980 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Taryatu-Chulutu

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Khorog

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 2990 BC ± 40 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ulreung

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: (U-2 tephra)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer KSbt)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 3050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zheltovsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  1.3  ±  0.1  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 3050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Diky Greben

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  4  x  108 m3

Tephra Volume:  1  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer PM1)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  8 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 3200 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1.1  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv20; AV3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 3250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv19)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Lava Volume:  3.8  ±  0.1  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Spokoiny

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)

Start Date: 3500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3500 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik flank (Obmanuvshy)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Opala

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv18)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3550 BC (in or after) Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Barkhatnaya Sopka

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone & N outer flank fissure

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Nylgimelkin

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 3550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Jingbo

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 3580 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Area of Activity: (Gsh1 tephra layer)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 3650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv17)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3790 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  > 5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv16)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 3850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Akademia Nauk

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: North of Karymsky Lake (Lagerny cone)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 3900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 3950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kliuchevskoi

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv15)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koshelev

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: NW flank (Gorely)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 4050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Yavinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: NW flank (Ukho)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 4100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: (birth of Karymsky stratovolcano)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv14)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv13)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 4250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorny Institute

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Area of Activity: South flank (Sedanka lava flow)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4300 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4340 BC ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1.3  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv12; AV4)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)  (?)

Start Date: 4350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)  (?)

Start Date: 4400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 4400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv11)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bolshoi Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Korona and Yezh lava domes

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 4450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  1.0  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 4460 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  > 4.2  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv10; AV5)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4500 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik flank (Yushny cone)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4530 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Cherpuk Group

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Lava Volume:  3.5  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: North and South Cherpuk

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Plosky and Ostry Tolbachik calderas

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption  (?)
    Lava flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC ± 200 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  > 3.4  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv7)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ilyinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koshelev

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Eastern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 4650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 4700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 4750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Lava Volume:  > 4.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: SW part of caldera IV (Paryashchiy Utes)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 4850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 4900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5+

Tephra Volume:  7.9  ±  0.4  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: Ksudach IV caldera (tephra layer KS2)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 4900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 4950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Koryaksky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:  Unknown

Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zhupanovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Pra-Bezymianny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5050 BC (?) 
Volcano: Shiveluch

Eruption DISCREDITED

Area of Activity: (SH6 tephra is from Khangar volcano)
Start Date: 5050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Piip

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Submarine eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5?

Tephra Volume:  2.6  ±  0.1  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: Ksudach IV caldera (tephra layer KS3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 5250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Northern outer flank fissure

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5300 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5310 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bolshoi-Kekuknaysky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  7.0  ±  0.5  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  2  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: N flank of Kekuknaysky (Kekuk Crater)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Lava Volume:  1.5  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: SW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 5400 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv6)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank and NE flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5500 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Akademia Nauk

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3?

Area of Activity: N margin of caldera lake (Karymsky maar)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 5500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv5)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  1.2  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 5500 BC ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 5600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv4)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: SW flank (Bubochka)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5650 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5700 BC ± 16 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  6

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  0.1  x  1010 m3

Area of Activity: (KHG tephra)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 5700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv3)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5700 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ilyinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  C

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 5700 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Diky Greben

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 5700 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Uzon

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: N part of caldera (Lake Dal'ny maar)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Uzon

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5800 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  2  x  107 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 1.4  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Southern cone summit and west flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5800 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Lava Volume:  3.5  ±  0.5  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 5800 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Taunshits

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 5800 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 5950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 5980 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5+

Tephra Volume:  > 9.0  ±  1.0  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv2)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 5990 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Udokan Plateau

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Dolinnyi

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 6000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)

Start Date: 6000 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  > 1  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 3.1  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: Southern cone summit and flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: SW flank (Lesnaya)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zheltovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Avachinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: (tephra layer IAv1)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 6100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 6150 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 6150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: Ceno-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 6210 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Udokan Plateau

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Khangura

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Northern outer flank fissure

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6300 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bakening

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 6350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone summit and flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6380 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6400 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  4 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6400 BC ± 75 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6400 BC ± 50 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  4.5  ±  0.5  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer KZII)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 6440 BC ± 25 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kurile Lake

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  7

Tephra Volume:  1.6  ±  0.2  x  1011 m3

Area of Activity: (tephra layer KO)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion
    Mudflow(s) (lahars)
    Caldera collapse
    Debris avalanche(s)

Start Date: 6450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ulreung

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Area of Activity: (U-3 tephra)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 6550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone summit, outer SW flank

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6550 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bakening

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: West of Bakening

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6550 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kostakan

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Lava Volume:  2  x  106 m3

Tephra Volume:  2.8  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Ochkovy

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Karymsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  6

Tephra Volume:  1.5  ±  2.0  x  1010 m3

Area of Activity: Karymsky caldera (tephra layer KRM)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 6600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 6670 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ushkovsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Lavovy Shish cone group & summit caldera

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 6800 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5?

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 6800 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bolshoi Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Ivanov lava dome

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 6950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Meso-Semiachik east flank (Vostochny)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 6950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ichinsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7000 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 7050 BC ± 1000 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Sedankinsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7050 BC ± 1000 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bezymianny

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Area of Activity: Pra-Bezymianny

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7050 BC ± 1000 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Zheltovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  5  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 7100 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7150 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 2  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 7250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7250 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone & S outer flank fissure

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Phreatic explosion(s)
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7290 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Udokan Plateau

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Sini

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Regional fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7300 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 7400 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  2 ?  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 7400 BC ± 150 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Gorely

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  0

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4+

Tephra Volume:  8 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 7550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 7550 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Elovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Lava Volume:  4  x  109 m3

Tephra Volume:  > 3  x  108 m3

Area of Activity: NE side (Ozernovsky lava flow)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ushkovsky

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Mutnovsky

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2

Tephra Volume:  7.5  ±  3.0  x  106 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7550 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kurile Lake

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7550 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Maly Semiachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Meso-Semiachik

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 7550 BC ± 500 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Bakening

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Lava Volume:  1.5  ±  0.5  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: NE flank (Novo-Bakening)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Flank (excentric) vent
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 7600 BC  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Tolbachik

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7600 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 7630 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 7700 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 7750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 7850 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 7900 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ksudach

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  1.8  ±  0.3  x  109 m3

Area of Activity: Ksudach III caldera (tephra layer KS4)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Crater lake eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Caldera collapse

Start Date: 7950 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 8050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Vilyuchik

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  2?

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 8050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kizimen

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  5

Tephra Volume:  4.0  ±  0.6  x  109 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)
    Lava flow(s)
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 8050 BC ± 1000 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Kostakan

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1.5  x  107 m3

Area of Activity: Domashnii

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 8050 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Krasheninnikov

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (uncorrected)

Area of Activity: Southern cone & S outer flank fissure

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Radial fissure eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava flow(s)

Start Date: 8100 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 8200 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 8250 BC ± 100 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption

Start Date: 8350 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  4

Tephra Volume:  5 ?  x  108 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 8450 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 8500 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Shiveluch

Dating Technique: Tephrochronology

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  3

Tephra Volume:  1 ?  x  107 m3

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Lava dome extrusion

Start Date: 8750 BC (?)  Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Ulreung

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  6

Tephra Volume:  > 1  x  1010 m3

Area of Activity: (Ulreungdo-Oki tephra layer; U-4)

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Central vent eruption
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Start Date: 9500 BC ± 300 years Stop Date: Unknown
Volcano: Khangar

Dating Technique: Radiocarbon (corrected)

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI):  P

Eruptive Characteristics:
    Explosive eruption
    Pyroclastic flow(s)

Global Volcanism Program — Department of Mineral Sciences — National Museum of Natural History — Smithsonian Institution

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