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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Einarsson T, 1960. The geology of Hellisheidi. {Natturufraedingurinn}, 30: 151-175 (in Icelandic)

Gudmundsson A T, 1986b. {Iceland-Fires}. Reykjavik: Vaka-Helgafell, 168 p

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Jakobsson S P, Jonsson J, Shido F, 1978. Petrology of the western Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. {J Petr}, 19: 669-705

Johannesson H, Saemundsson K, 1998. Geological map of Iceland, 1:500,000. Tectonics. {Icelandic Inst Nat Hist, Reykjavik}

Jonsson J, 1972. Eldborgir undir Geitahlid. {Natturufraedingurinn}, 42: 59-66 (in Icelandic)

Jonsson J, 1974. Obrinnisholar. {Natturufraedingurinn}, 44: 109-119 (in Icelandic)

Jonsson J, 1977b. Tvi-Bollar and Tvibollahraun. {Natturufraedingurinn}, 47: 103-109 (in Icelandic)

Jonsson J, 1978. Geology of the Reykjanes Peninsula. {Orkustofnun Jardhitadeild}, OS-JHD-7831, Geol maps and 303 p text (in Icelandic)

Jonsson J, 1983. Volcanic eruptions in historical time on the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest Iceland. {Natturufraedingurinn}, 52: 127-139 (in Icelandic with English summary)

Saemundsson K, Einarsson S, 1980. Geological map of Iceland, sheet 3, south-west Iceland. {Icelandic Museum Nat Hist & Iceland Geodetic Surv}, 1:250,000 geol map

Steinthorsson S, et al., 2002. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World - Iceland}. {Unpublished manuscript}

Thordarson T, Hoskuldsson A, 2008. Postglacial eruptions in Iceland. {Jokull}, 58: 197-228

The Brennisteinsfjöll volcanic system, located east of Kleifarvatn lake, consists of a series of NE-SW-trending crater rows and small shield volcanoes. Postglacial and historical basaltic lavas cover a wide area. An eruption in 1000 AD was dated by its occurrence at the time of a meeting of the Icelandic outdoor parliament at Thingvellier. The most recent eruption at Brennisteinsfjöll took place in the 14th century.