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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Casertano L, 1963a. Chilean Continent. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 15: 1-55

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1972. Distribucion del volcanismo activo de Chile y la reciente erupcion del Volcan Villarrica. {Instituto Geog Militar Chile}, O/T 3491

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. {Volcanes de Chile}. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p

Hildreth W, Moorbath S, 1988. Crustal contribution to arc magmatism in the Andes of central Chile. {Contr Mineral Petr}, 98: 455-489

Moreno H, 1974. Airplane flight over active volcanoes of central-south Chile. {Internatl Symp Volc Andean & Antarctic Volc Problems Guidebook}, Excur D-3, 56 p

Moreno H, Naranjo J A, 1991. The southern Andes volcanoes (33°-41° 30' S), Chile. {6th Geol Cong Chile, Excur PC-3}, 26 p

Tinguiririca is composed of at least seven Holocene scoria cones west of the Chile-Argentina border constructed along a NNE-SSW fissure over an eroded Pleistocene stratovolcano. The complex was constructed during three eruptive cycles dating back to the middle Pleistocene. The latest activity produced a series of youthful small stratovolcanoes and craters, of which the youngest appear to be Tinguiririca and Fray Carlos. Constant fumarolic activity occurs within and on the NW wall of the summit crater of Tinguiririca, and hot springs and fumaroles with sulfur deposits are found on the western flanks of the summit cones. A single historical eruption from Tinguiririca was recorded in 1917.