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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Casertano L, 1963a. Chilean Continent. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 15: 1-55

de Silva S L, 2007. . (pers. comm.)

de Silva S L, Francis P W, 1991. {Volcanoes of the Central Andes}. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 216 p

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1974. Arica - Nevados de Payachata. {IAVCEI Andean Antarctic Volc Problems Guide Book - Excursion A-1}, 3-35

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. {Volcanes de Chile}. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p

Hantke G, 1939b. Ubersicht uber die Vulkanische Tatigkeit vom April bis Dezember 1938. {Zeit Deut Geol Ges}, 91: 757-765

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Moreno H, 1985. . (pers. comm.)

Tacora, the northernmost volcano of Chile, is a twin volcano with Chupiquiña to the north and lies near the Peruvian border. The volcano overlies a flat-lying platform of ignimbrites at about 4200 m elevation forming the Arica Altiplano. The roughly conical volcano is covered by glaciers down to about 5500 m elevation, and an explosion crater lies on the NW side 300 m below the summit. Solfataric and fumarolic activity has been reported on the east side of the andesitic volcano (Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World), but Moreno (1985 pers. comm.) indicated there may not have been Holocene eruptions. Young lava flows on south flank appear to overlie glacial valleys (de Silva 2007, pers. comm.). Hantke (1939b) cited a report of eruptions in 1930 and 1937 that are not listed in other sources. Numerous sulfur mines occupy the saddle between Tacora and Chupiquiña, and hot springs are located on the eastern side of Tacora.