No latest activity reported for #volcano.name#.

Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Carr M J, 1984. Symmetrical and segmented variation of physical and geochemical characterisitics of the Central American volcanic front. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 20: 231-252

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Incer J, 1987. . (pers. comm.)

Kutterolf S, Freundt A, Perez W, 2008. Pacific offshore record of plinian arc volcanism in Central America: 2. Tephra volumes and eruptive masses. {Geochem Geophys Geosyst}, 8: Q02S02, doi:10.1029/2007GC001791

Mooser F, Meyer-Abich H, McBirney A R, 1958. Central America. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 6: 1-146

Sapper K, 1925. {The Volcanoes of Central America}. Halle: Verlag Max Niemeyer, 144 p

Scott W E, Gardner C, Devoli G, Alvarez A, 2006. The A.D. 1835 eruption of Volcan Cosiguina, Nicaragua: a guide for assessing local hazards. {In}: Rose W I, Bluth G J S, Carr M J, Ewert J W, Patino L C, Vallance J W (eds), Volcanic hazards in Central America, {Geol Soc Amer Spec Pap}, 412: 167-187

Self S, Rampino M R, Carr M J, 1989. A reappraisal of the 1835 eruption of Cosiguina and its atmospheric impact. {Bull Volc}, 52: 57-65

van Wyk de Vries B, 1993. Tectonics and magma evolution of Nicaraguan volcanic systems. {Unpublished PhD thesis}, Open Univ, Milton Keynes, 328 p

Williams R L (ed), 1972. The geology of western Nicaragua. {Parsons Corp Final Technical Rpt}, 4:1-221

Cosigüina is a low basaltic-to-andesitic composite volcano that is isolated from other eruptive centers in the Nicaraguan volcanic chain. The 872-m-high stratovolcano forms a large peninsula extending into the Gulf of Fonseca at the western tip of the country. Cosigüina (also spelled Cosegüina) has a pronounced somma rim on the northern side; a young summit cone of Cosigüina rises 300 m above the northern somma rim and buries the rim on other sides. The younger cone is truncated by a large elliptical prehistorical summit caldera, 2 x 2.4 km in diameter and 500 m deep, with a lake at its bottom. Lava flows predominate in the caldera walls, although lahar and pyroclastic-flow deposits surround the volcano. In 1835 Cosigüina was the source of a brief, but powerful explosive eruption that was Nicaragua's largest during historical time. Ash fell as far away as México, Costa Rica, and Jamaica, and pyroclastic flows reached the Gulf of Fonseca.