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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Carr M J, 1984. Symmetrical and segmented variation of physical and geochemical characterisitics of the Central American volcanic front. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 20: 231-252

Chesner C A, Pullinger C R, Escobar C D, 2004. Physical and chemical evolution of San Miguel volcano, El Salvador. {In}: Rose W I, Bommer J J, Lopez D L, Carr M J, Major J J (eds), Natural Hazards in El Salvador, {Geol Soc Amer Spec Pap}, 375: 213-226

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Mooser F, Meyer-Abich H, McBirney A R, 1958. Central America. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 6: 1-146

Sapper K, 1925. {The Volcanoes of Central America}. Halle: Verlag Max Niemeyer, 144 p

Williams H, Meyer-Abich H, 1955. Volcanism in the southern part of El Salvador with particular reference to the collapse basins of Lakes Coatepeque and Ilopango. {Univ Calif Pub Geol Sci}, 32: 1-64

The small stratovolcano of Chinameca (also known as El Pacayal) is dwarfed by its towering neighbor San Miguel, which lies across a low saddle to the SE. A 2-km-wide, steep-sided caldera, Laguna Seca el Pacayal, truncates the 1300-m-high summit of Chinameca volcano, whose flanks are draped with coffee plantations. The Holocene cone of Cerro el Limbo on the western flank rises to 1380 m, above the level of the caldera rim, and a Holocene lava flow extends from a NNW-flank vent into the lowlands to the north beyond the town of Chinameca (Weber and Weisemann, 1978). A group of fumarole fields is located on the north flank of the volcano surrounds the city of Chinameca, and the volcano has been the site of a geothermal exploration program.