No latest activity reported for Socorro.

Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Bohrson W A, Reid M R, 1995. Petrogenesis of alkaline basalts from Socorro Island, Mexico; trace element evidence for contamination of ocean island basalt in the shallow ocean crust. {J Geophys Res}, 100: 24,555-24,576

Bohrson W A, Reid M R, 1997. Genesis of silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks in an ocean island setting by crustal melting and open-system processes; Socorro Island, Mexico. {J Petr}, 38: 1137-1166

Bohrson W A, Reid M R, Grunder A L, Heizler M T, Harrison T M, Lee J, 1996. Prolonged history of silicic peralkaline volcanism in the eastern Pacific Ocean. {J Geophys Res}, 101: 11,457-11,474

Bryan W B, 1976. A basalt - pantellerite association from Isla Socorro, Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico. {In}: Aoki H, Iizuka S (eds), {Volcanoes and Tectonosphere}, Tokyo: Tokai Univ Press, p 75-91

Bryan W B, 1966. History and mechanism of eruption of soda-rhyolite and alkali basalt Socorro Island, Mexico. {Bull Volc}, 29: 453-480

Katsui Y (ed), 1971. List of the World Active Volcanoes. {Volc Soc Japan draft ms}, (limited circulation), 160 p

Luhr J F, Kimberly P G, Siebert L, Aranda-Gomez J J, Housh T B, Kysar Mattietti G, 2006. Quaternary volcanic rocks: insights from the MEXPET petrological and geochemical database. {In}: Siebe S, Macias J-L, Aguirre-Diaz G J (eds) Neogone-Quaternary continental margin volcanism: a perspective from Mexico, {Geol Soc Amer Spec Pap}, 402: 1-44

Siebe C, Komorowski J-C, Navarro C, McHone J F, Delgado H, Cortes A, 1995. Submarine eruption near Socorro Island, Mexico; geochemistry and scanning electron microscopy studies of floating scoria and reticulite. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 68: 239-271

Socorro, the SE-most of the Revillagigedo Islands south of Baja California, is the summit of a massive, predominately submarine basaltic shield volcano capped by a largely buried, 4.5 x 3.8-km-wide summit caldera. A large tephra cone and lava dome complex, Cerro Evermann, forms the 1050-m-high summit of the volcano, and along with other cones and vents, fills much of the Pleistocene caldera. Rhyolitic lava domes have been constructed along flank rifts oriented to the north, west, and SE, and silicic lava flows from summit and flank vents have reached the coast and created an extremely irregular shoreline. Late-stage basaltic eruptions produced cones and flows near the coast. Only minor explosive activity, some of which is of uncertain validity, has occurred from flank vents in historical time dating back to the 19th century. In 1951 a brief phreatic eruption ejected blocks, and the gas column reached 1200 m elevation. A submarine eruption occurred during 1993-94 from a vent 3 km west of the island during which large scoriaceous blocks up to 5 m in size floated to the surface without associated explosive activity.