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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Beget J E, 1982. Recent volcanic activity at Glacier Peak. {Science}, 215: 1389-1390

Beget J E, 1983. Glacier Peak, Washington: a potentially hazardous Cascade volcano. {Environ Geol}, 5: 83-92

Gardner J E, Carey S, Sigurdsson H, 1998. Plinian eruptions at Glacier Peak and Newberry volcanoes, United States: implications for volcanic hazards in the Cascade Range. {Geol Soc Amer Bull}, 110: 173-187

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Kuehn S C, Froese D G, Carrara P E, Foit Jr F F, Pearce N J G, Rotheisler P, 2009. Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distributions, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America. {Quat Res}, 71: 201-216

Mehringer P J, Blinmae E, Petersen K L, 1977. Pollen influx and volcanic ash. {Science}, 198: 257-261

Sherrod D R, Smith J G, 1990. Quaternary extrusion rates of the Cascade Range, northwestern United States and southern British Columbia. {J Geophys Res}, 95: 19,465-19,474

Tabor R W, Crowder D F, 1969. On batholiths and volcanoes: intrusion and eruption of late Cenozoic magmas in the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, Washington. {U S Geol Surv Prof Pap}, 604: 1-67

Glacier Peak, the most isolated of the Cascade volcanoes, rises to 3213 m above the rugged forested terrain of the Glacier Peak Wilderness Area in the North Cascades. Glacier Peak is a dacitic-andesitic stratovolcano with summit and flank lava domes; it resembles Mount St. Helens in its explosive vigor. More than a dozen glaciers descend its flanks, prompting its name. Although its summit towers 3000 m above surrounding valleys, the volcano was constructed above a high ridge and is itself less than 1000 m high. Repeated major explosive eruptions associated with lava dome growth during the late Pleistocene and Holocene deposited tephra over wide distances to the east. Voluminous pyroclastic flows and mudflows extended into the Puget Sound lowlands to the west and diverted several river courses into adjacent valleys. The latest eruption of Glacier Peak only a few hundred years ago was noted by indigenous Pacific Northwest Indians, and hot springs occur on its flanks.