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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Baer A J, 1973. Bella Coola-Laredo Sound map areas, British Columbia. {Geol Surv Can Mem}, 372: 1-122

Dolmage V, 1921. Coast and islands of British Columbia between Burke and Douglas Channels. {Geol Surv Can Summary Rpt}, no 29

Dolmage V, 1924. Post-Pleistocene volcanics of the British Columbia coast. {J Geol}, 32: 36-48

Hickson C J, Edwards B R, 2001. Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards in Canada. {In}; Brooks G R (ed) {A Synthesis of Geological Hazards in Canada}, Geol Surv Can Bull, 548: 1-248

Hickson C J, Soos A, Wright R, 1994. Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes. {Geol Surv Canada Open-File Rpt}

Holland S S, 1976. Landforms of British Columbia, a physiographic outline. {Brit Columbia Dept Mines Petrol Resour Bull}, 48: 1-138 (2nd printing)

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Souther J G, 1966. Cordilleran volcanic study. {Geol Surv Can Pap}, 66-1: 87-89

Wood C A, Kienle J (eds), 1990. {Volcanoes of North America}. Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ Press, 354 p

Swindle, Lake, and Lady Douglas Islands in the Milbanke Sound area of the Fiord Ranges in west-central British Columbia contain cinder cones of Holocene age. Kitasu Hill on the western side of Swindle Island is a young basaltic cone that produced lava flows that extend to the north. Other postglacial vents identified by Dolmage (1921, 1924) are correlated by lithology only and may be as old as Tertiary (Baer, 1973; Holland, 1976). Basaltic tuff breccias on Lake Island and Lady Douglas Island originated from Helmet Peak on Lady Island. Basaltic lava flows from Price and Dufferin Islands overlie adjacent beach deposits (Souther; in Wood and Kienle, 1990).