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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Erlich E N, 1985. . (pers. comm.)

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Luchitsky I V (ed), 1974. {History of the Development of Relief of Siberia and the Far East. Kamchatka, Kurile and Komander Islands}. Moscow: Nauka Pub, 439 p (in Russian)

Melekestsev I V, Braitseva O A, Ponomareva V V, Sulerzhitsky L D, 1990. Ages and dynamics of development of the active volcanoes of the Kurile-Kamchatka region. {Internatl Geol Rev}, 32: 436-448

Ponomareva V V, Melekestsev I V, Dirksen O V, 2006. Sector collapses and large landslides on late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 158: 117-138

Vlasov G M, 1967. Kamchatka, Kuril, and Komandorskiye Islands: geological description. {In}: {Geol of the USSR}, Moscow, 31: 1-827

The steep-sided Kamen stratovolcano lies at the center of a N-S-trending chain of volcanoes, flanked by Bezymianny and Kliuchevskoi. The sharp-peaked, 4585-m-high Kamen is Kamchatka's second highest volcano, topped only by its neighbor Kliuchevskoi. Kamen formed during the late Pleistocene, but activity continued into the Holocene (Melekestsev et al., 1990). A major slope failure about 1200-1300 years ago removed much of the eastern side of the volcano, producing a massive 4-6 cu km debris avalanche that traveled more than 30 km to the SE.