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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Fedotov S A, Masurenkov Y P (eds), 1991. {Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka}. Moscow: Nauka Pub, 2 volumes

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. {IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior}.

Kozhemyaka N N, 1995. Active volcanoes of Kamchatka: types and growth time of cones, total volumes of erupted material, productivity, and composition of rocks. {Volc Seism}, 16: 581-594 (English translation)

Luchitsky I V (ed), 1974. {History of the Development of Relief of Siberia and the Far East. Kamchatka, Kurile and Komander Islands}. Moscow: Nauka Pub, 439 p (in Russian)

Vlasov G M, 1967. Kamchatka, Kuril, and Komandorskiye Islands: geological description. {In}: {Geol of the USSR}, Moscow, 31: 1-827

Vlodavetz V I, Piip B I, 1959. Kamchatka and Continental Areas of Asia. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 8: 1-110

The Zhupanovsky volcanic massif consists of four overlapping stratovolcanoes along a WNW-trending ridge. The elongated volcanic complex was constructed within a Pliocene-early Pleistocene caldera whose rim is exposed only on the eastern side. Three of the stratovolcanoes were built during the Pleistocene, the fourth is Holocene in age and was the source of all of Zhupanovsky's historical eruptions. An early Holocene stage of frequent moderate and weak eruptions from 7000 to 5000 years before present (BP) was succeeded by a period of infrequent larger eruptions that produced pyroclastic flows. The last major eruption of Zhupanovsky took place about 800-900 years BP. Historical eruptions have consisted of relatively minor explosions from the third cone.