No latest activity reported for #volcano.name#.

Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Del Mundo E T, Arpa M C, 2007. . (pers. comm.)

PHIVOLCS, 2004-. Volcanoes. {http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/Volcanolist/}

Ramos S, Zaide-Delfin M, Takashima I, Bayrante L, Panem C, Pioquinto W, 2000. Thermoluminescence dating in Mt. Labo and North Davao, Philippines: implications on geothermal wells. {Proc World Geotherm Cong 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku Japan, May 28-June 10, 2000}, p 1617-1622

Sajona F G, Bellon H, Maury R C, Pubellier M, Cotten J, Rangin C, 1994. Magmatic response to abrupt changes in geodynamic settings: Pliocene-Quaternary calc-alkaline and Nb-enriched lavas from Mindanao, Philippines. {Tectonophysics}, 237: 47-72

Sajona F G, Bellon H, Maury R C, Pubellier M, Querbral R D, Cotten J, Bayon F E, Pagado E, Pematian P, 1997. Tertiary and Quaternary magmatism in Mindanao and Leyte (Philippines): geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting. {J Asian Earth Sci}, 15: 121-153

Wolfe J A, 1982. . (pers. comm.)

An andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano complex in the Leonard Range is truncated by a 4 x 5 km caldera partially filled by Lake Leonard. The volcano (also known as Leonard Kniazeff) is located east of the head of Davao Gulf in SE Mindanao, east of the major N-S-trending Philippine Fault. Activity at the Leonard Range dates back to 1.1 million years. A dome building stage began about 290,000 years ago, producing a series of lava domes in the region surrounding Lake Leonard. A younger stage involved the eruption of the Paloc pyroclastic deposits from the late-Pleistocene to Holocene and the formation of the caldera. Holocene radiocarbon dates ranging from about 6000 to 1800 years ago were obtained from the Paloc pyroclastic deposits. The Leonard Range (or North Davao) area has been the object of a geothermal exploration program. The Manat thermal area is located north of Lake Leonard, solfataras occur its SW rim, and active solfataras, fumaroles, and hot springs are found in the Amacan-Gopod thermal area south of the lake.