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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Apandi T, Sudana D, 1980. Geologic map of the Ternate quadrangle, north Maluku. {Geol Res Devel Centre Indonesia}, 1:250,000 scale map and 9 p text

Morris J D, Jezek P A, Hart S R, Gill J B, 1983. The Halmahera Island arc, Molucca Sea collision zone, Indonesia: a geochemical survey. {In}: Hayes D E (ed) The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asia Seas and Islands, part 2, {Amer Geophys Union, Geophys Monogr}, 27: 373-387

Gunung Tigalalu (Mount Tigalalu) is located at the northern end of Kayoa Island, which straddles the equator and is the southernmost of a chain of small volcanic islands off the western coast of Halmahera Island. Tigalalu forms a 422-m-high N-S-trending volcanic ridge at the north end of the island, part of which is flanked by coral limestones. Although much less known than its historically active neighbor to the north, Makian volcano, Tigalalu was mapped as Holocene in age by Apandi and Sudana (1980).