CVGHM reported that seismicity at Lewotobi Lakilaki, one of two stratovolcanoes comprising Lewotobi, fluctuated but declined overall during 18 September 2011-25 March 2012. No significant changes were observed at the volcano. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) on 29 March.

Observers of Lewotobi Perempuan, the second stratovolcano comprising Lewotobi, noted that during January-March diffuse white plumes rose 15 m above the crater and no significant changes had occurred. After 31 August 2011 through 25 March 2012 seismicity fluctuated but declined overall. On 29 March the Alert Level was lowered to 1.

28 March 2012            Back to Top

CVGHM reported that seismicity at Lewotobi Lakilaki, one of two stratovolcanoes comprising Lewotobi, fluctuated but declined overall during 18 September 2011-25 March 2012. No significant changes were observed at the volcano. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) on 29 March.

Observers of Lewotobi Perempuan, the second stratovolcano comprising Lewotobi, noted that during January-March diffuse white plumes rose 15 m above the crater and no significant changes had occurred. After 31 August 2011 through 25 March 2012 seismicity fluctuated but declined overall. On 29 March the Alert Level was lowered to 1.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

21 September 2011            Back to Top

CVGHM raised the Alert Level for Lewotobi Lakilaki, one of two stratovolcanoes composing Lewotobi, to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 22 September due to increased seismicity since 17 September and visual observations. Although no significant changes in the volcano were observed, diffuse white plumes rose 15 m above the crater. Visitors and residents were prohibited from going within a 1-km radius of Lewotobi Lakilaki.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

31 August 2011            Back to Top

CVGHM reported that during 26-31 August seismicity at Lewotobi increased. Plumes of "smoke" rose 15-50 m above the Lewotobi Perampuan crater rim; no other significant changes were visibly apparent. Based on the seismic data, the Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 31 August. Visitors and residents were advised not to approach the volcano within 1 km of the Lewotobi Perampuan crater.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

18 March 2009            Back to Top

On 23 March, CVGHM lowered the Alert Level for Lewotobi from 2 to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) based on visual observations and decreased seismicity during March. Rarely seen diffuse white plumes rose 25 m above the crater and drifted E. Visitors and residents were advised not to approach the crater.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

28 May 2008            Back to Top

On 29 May, CVGHM raised the Alert Level for Lewotobi to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) due to an increase in seismicity during 12-29 May. White plumes typically rose about 25 m above the crater and drifted E; visual observations indicated no changes.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

29 October 2003            Back to Top

A decrease in volcanic activity at Lewotobi during 13-19 October led DVGHM to decrease the Alert Level from 2 to 1 (on a scale of 1-4). Only gas was emitted to low levels and no volcanic earthquakes were recorded.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

27 August 2003            Back to Top

The Darwin VAAC reported that an eruption at Lewotobi on 1 September produced an ash plume to a height of ~2.5 km above the summit that drifted W. Volcanic material caused fires in forests within a 1 km radius of the crater and damaged crops on the volcano's flanks. VSI raised the Alert Level to 4, the highest level. According to news articles, hundreds of people from at least six villages fled their homes for the village of Konga to the E. By 2 September the Alert Level had been reduced to 3.

Sources: Agence France-Presse (AFP) , Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

2 July 2003            Back to Top

Low-level ash emissions continued at Lewotobi during 2-29 June. During 2-8 June ash plumes reached ~300 m above the summit, and ash fell in the villages of Bawalatang, Duang, and Boru. Lewotobi remained at Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

11 June 2003            Back to Top

On 30 May at 1650 an ash explosion at Lewotobi Lakilaki, a stratovolcano of Lewotobi, sent an ash column to a height of ~200 m above the summit. Ash fell at the observatory post about 5 km from the crater. As of 1 June, Lewotobi was at Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

9 October 2002            Back to Top

On 12 October at 2330 there was an explosion at Lewotobi Lakilaki, a stratovolcano of Lewotobi, that was accompanied by a weak thundering sound. Ash fell as far as 5 km away and an ash column rose ~500 m above the volcano. According to VSI, eruptions at Lewotobi usually occur over an extended period of time, therefore they expect more explosions to take place in the next couple of weeks to months. On 16 October, Lewotobi was at Alert Level 4 (the highest level).

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) , Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Kemmerling G L L, 1929. Vulkanen van Flores. {Vulk Seism Meded Dienst Mijnw Ned-Indie}, 10: 1-138

Kusumadinata K, 1979. {Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia}. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p

Neumann van Padang M, 1951. Indonesia. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 1: 1-271

Stolz A J, Varne R, Davies, G R, Wheller G E, Foden J D, 1990. Magma source components in an arc-continent collision zone: the Flores-Lembata sector, Sunda arc, Indonesia. {Contr Mineral Petr}, 105: 585-601

Wheller G E, Varne R, Foden J D, Abbott M J, 1987. Geochemistry of Quaternary volcanism in the Sunda-Banda arc, Indonesia, and three-component genesis of island-arc basaltic magmas. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 32: 137-160

The Lewotobi "husband and wife" twin volcano (also known as Lewetobi) in eastern Flores Island is composed of the Lewotobi Lakilaki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes. Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical 1584-m-high Lewotobi Lakilaki has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader 1703-m-high Lewotobi Perempuan has erupted only twice in historical time. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in the crescentic summit craters of both volcanoes, which are open to the north. A prominent flank cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the east flank of Lewotobi Perampuan.