Global Volcanism Program

3 April-9 April 2013

CVGHM reported that during March white plumes rose at most 400 m above Raung. Seismicity decreased significantly on 25 March, and tremor was absent starting in April. On 5 April the Alert level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4). Visitors and residents were warned not to approach the crater within a 1.8-km radius.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

Available Weekly Reports

3 April 2013 Back to Top

CVGHM reported that during March white plumes rose at most 400 m above Raung. Seismicity decreased significantly on 25 March, and tremor was absent starting in April. On 5 April the Alert level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4). Visitors and residents were warned not to approach the crater within a 1.8-km radius.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

17 October 2012 Back to Top

Seismicity at Raung increased on 17 October and remained elevated, prompting CVGHM to raise the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 18 October. During 18-22 October white plumes rose 50-75 m above the crater. Seismic activity increased significantly on 22 October. That same day the Alert Level was raised to 3. Visitors and residents were warned not to approach the crater within a 3-km radius.

Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

22 August 2007 Back to Top

Based on observations of satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume from Raung rose to an altitude of 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. during 26-27 August and drifted E.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

25 July 2007 Back to Top

Based on a pilot report, the Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume possibly from Raung rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash was not visible on satellite imagery.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

21 August 2002 Back to Top

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume was visible rising from Raung on 25 August at 1534. The cloud reached a height of ~9.2 km a.s.l. and drifted to the W at high levels and to the E at lower levels.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

7 August 2002 Back to Top

The Darwin VAAC received reports stating that on 12 August at 1720 ash was visible drifting NW of Raung around summit level. The summit was partially obscured by meteorological clouds and no ash was identifiable on satellite imagery.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

5 June 2002 Back to Top

The Darwin VAAC reported that possible ash clouds emitted from Raung were visible on satellite imagery. The clouds were at heights below 4.6 a.s.l. and were observed on 5 June at 0840 drifting to the S, on 7 June at 0934 drifting to the SW, and on 8 June at 1132 drifting to the NW.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

29 May 2002 Back to Top

A pilot reported observing an ash plume that was emitted from Raung on 2 June at 1625. The plume rose to a height of ~4.5 km a.s.l. and drifted to the S. According to the Darwin VAAC, ash was not visible on satellite imagery.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

Start Date	Stop Date	Eruption Certainty	VEI	Evidence	Activity Area or Unit
2008 Jun 12	2008 Jun 17 (?)	Confirmed	2	Historical
2007 Jul 26	2007 Aug 26	Confirmed	2	Historical
[ 2005 Jul 23 (?) ]	[ 2005 Aug 15 (?) ]	Uncertain	2
[ 2004 Apr 15 (?) ]	[ 2004 Oct 8 (?) ]	Uncertain	2
2002 Jun (in or before)	2002 Aug 25 (in or after)	Confirmed	2	Historical
2000 Jul 9	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1999 Jul 30	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1997 Apr (in or before)	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
[ 1995 Aug 15 ]	[ Unknown ]	Uncertain	2
1995 Mar	1995 Mar	Confirmed	1	Historical
1994 Jul 14	1994 Jul 14	Confirmed	1	Historical
1993 Apr 1 ± 90 days	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Historical
1991 Sep 10	1991 Nov 12 (?)	Confirmed	2	Historical
1990 Jan 16 (in or before)	1990 Dec (in or after)	Confirmed	2	Historical
1987 May	1989 Jul 28 ± 3 days	Confirmed	1	Historical
1985 Aug 23	1986 Feb 28	Confirmed	2	Historical
1982 Jul 18	1982 Jul 20	Confirmed	3	Historical
1978 Jan	1979 Dec (in or after)	Confirmed	1	Historical
1977 Jun 9	1977 Jun 30	Confirmed	2	Historical
1976 Jun 7	1976 Nov 21	Confirmed	2	Historical
1975 Mar	1975 May	Confirmed	1	Historical
1974 Jun 15	1974 Jul 17 (?)	Confirmed	2	Historical
1973 May	1973 Oct	Confirmed	1	Historical
1971 Sep 14	1971 Sep 14	Confirmed	1	Historical
1956 Feb 13	1956 Mar 25	Confirmed	2	Historical
1955 Jan 18	1955 Jan 18	Confirmed	2	Historical
1953 Jan 31	1953 Apr 15 ± 5 days	Confirmed	3	Historical
1944 Jun 30	1945 Apr 19	Confirmed	2	Historical
1943 Mar 17	1943 Jun 18	Confirmed	2	Historical
1941 Dec 13	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1940	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1938 Aug 13	1939 Jan 10 (in or after)	Confirmed	2	Historical
1937 Oct 27	1937 Nov 27	Confirmed	2	Historical
1936 Aug 22	1936 Dec 11	Confirmed	2	Historical
1933 Nov 21	1933 Dec 6	Confirmed	2	Historical
1929 Apr 27 ± 60 days	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1928 Nov	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1927 Aug 2	1928 Mar (?)	Confirmed	2	Historical	Central cone and NW crater wall
[ 1924 Aug 20 ]	[ Unknown ]	Uncertain	2
1924 Feb (in or before)	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1921 Feb 14 ± 4 days	1921 Apr	Confirmed	2	Historical	1913 cone
1917 Feb 22	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1916 Nov	1916 Dec	Confirmed	2	Historical
1915 May	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1913 May 10	1913 Dec	Confirmed	2	Historical
1903 Nov 28	1904 Jan	Confirmed	2	Historical
1902 Feb 16	1902 Feb 27 (in or after)	Confirmed	2	Historical
1897 Apr	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1896 Aug	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1890 Jul	1890 Sep 15 ± 2 days	Confirmed	2	Historical
1885 Jun 21	1885 Jun 22	Confirmed	2	Historical
1881	Unknown	Confirmed		Historical
1864 Jul 2	1864 Dec	Confirmed	2	Historical
1860 Sep (in or before)	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1859 Dec 14	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1849 Dec 1 ± 30 days	Unknown	Confirmed		Historical
1838	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1817 Jan 16	1817 Feb 10 (?)	Confirmed	4	Historical
1815 Dec 31 ± 365 days	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1812	1814 (?)	Confirmed	2	Historical
1804 ± 4 years	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1793 ± 6 years	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical
1730	Unknown	Confirmed	3	Historical
1638	Unknown	Confirmed	4	Historical
1597 Jan 17	1597 Feb 2 (in or after)	Confirmed	3	Historical
1593	Unknown	Confirmed	5	Historical
[ 1586 ]	[ Unknown ]	Uncertain	3

Raung, one of Java's most active volcanoes, is a massive stratovolcano in easternmost Java that was constructed SW of the rim of Ijen caldera. The 3332-m-high, unvegetated summit of Gunung Raung is truncated by a dramatic steep-walled, 2-km-wide caldera that has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. A prehistoric collapse of Gunung Gadung on the west flank produced a large debris avalanche that traveled 79 km from the volcano, reaching nearly to the Indian Ocean. Raung contains several centers constructed along a NE-SW line, with Gunung Suket and Gunung Gadung stratovolcanoes being located to the NE and west, respectively.