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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Kaswanda O, Said H, Rahardja N, 1987. . (pers. comm.)

Neumann van Padang M, 1951. Indonesia. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 1: 1-271

van Bemmelen R W, 1941. Bulletin of the East Indian Volcanology Survey for the year 1941. {East Indian Volc Surv Bull}, 95-98: 1-110

Gunung Merbabu is a massive forested volcano that rises to the north above a broad 1500-m-high saddle from the renowned Merapi volcano in central Java. The volcano is elongated in a NNW-SSE direction, parallel to the trend of the long transverse volcanic chain extending from Merapi to Ungaran volcano. Three prominent U-shaped radial valleys extend from the 3145-m-high summit of Merbabu toward the NW, NE, and SE, dividing the volcano into three segments. The most recent magmatic eruptions originated from a NNW-SSE fissure system that cut across the summit and fed the large-volume Kopeng and Kajor lava flows on the northern and southern flanks, respectively. Moderate explosive eruptions have occurred from the summit crater of Merbabu in historical time.