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Below is a summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

CNR-CNRS, 1975. {Geological Maps of Afar: 1, Northern Afar (1971); 2, Central and Southern Afar} (1975). La Celle St Cloud, France: Geotechnip

Delibrias G, Marinelli G, Stieltjes L, 1975. Spreading rate of the Asal Rift: A geological approach. {In}: Pilger A and Rosler A (eds) {Afar Depression of Ethiopia}, Inter-Union Comm Geodynam Sci Rpt, 14: 214-221, Stuttgart: E Schweizerbart'sche

Lahitte P, Gillot P-Y, Courtillot V, 2003a. Silicic central volcanoes as precursors to rift propagation: the Afar case. {Earth Planet Sci Lett}, 207: 103-116

Lahitte P, Gillot P-Y, Kidane T, Courtillot V, 2003b. New age constraints on the timing of volcanism in central Afar, in the presence of propagating rifts. {J Geophys Res}, 108: doi: 10.1029/2001JB001689

Needham H D, Choukroune P, Cheminee J L, Le Pichon X, Francheteau J, Tapponnier P, 1976. The accreting plate boundary: Ardoukoba Rift (Northeast Africa) and the oceanic rift valley. {Earth Planet Sci Lett}, 28: 439-453

Smithsonian Institution-SEAN, 1975-89. [Monthly event reports]. {Bull Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN)}, v 1-14

Stieltjes L, 1974. Geologic map of the Asal Rift. {Bur Recherches Geol Minieres France}, 1:50,000

The Ardoukôba (Asal) Rift in Djibouti, trending NW from the Red Sea, contains a broad area of youthful fissure vents between Lake Asal and the Ghoubbat al Kharab gulf. The rift is subaerially exposed over a 12 km distance between these two bodies of water and contains numerous basaltic cinder and spatter cones. The silicic centers of Eger Alayta and Asa Aleyta, on the north and south sides of the rift, are remnants of a Pleistocene silicic center that has been disrupted and spread apart by the rift. Magma-water interaction has produced tuff cones, some of which form islands or are breached by the sea. The most recent lava flows are younger than lake sediments deposited 5300 years ago. These lavas were thought to have been erupted during the past 3000 years (Delibrias et al., 1975). The Ardoukôba fissure erupted in 1978, producing a small cinder cone and lava flows that covered part of the rift floor near the Red Sea.